ed, despite evidence to the contrary (why would a civilian project need to enrich uranium? Why the illicit facilities at Natanz and Arak?).
Given the number of times Iran has been caught lying since it started pursuing the bomb in the nineties, and given its long history of profound duplicity, manipulation and belligerence, the JCPOA seemed dangerously naïve.
Perhaps more egregiously, the deal was so focused on the nuclear threat that it failed to adequately address Iran’s mischief-making across the region – and ended up fuelling it.
The theocracy had only come to the negotiating table in the first place because of sustained economic punishment. But under the JCPOA, sanctions on petrochemicals, gold and other precious metals were lifted, and £3 billion in frozen oil revenue was released….
There are fears that if Biden makes good on his promise to reopen Obama's deal, the flood of fresh cash could give Iranian adventurism another unwelcome boost.
The president-elect has only vaguely addressed this point. ‘We will continue to push back against Iran's destabilising activities, which threaten our friends and partners in the region,’ he wrote in September.
‘We will continue to use targeted sanctions against Iran's human rights abuses, its support for terrorism and ballistic missile programme.’
In other words, he proposes closing the chequebook with one hand while handing over billions of nuclear dollars with the other.
The sense of softness is heightened by the fact that Antony Blinken, Biden’s pick for Secretary of State, argued against designating the Revolutionary Guards a foreign terrorist organisation in 2017.
Iran has suffered since Trump came to power. Sanctions, and the coronavirus, have hit it badly. Hezbollah, Iran's proxy in Lebanon, have been having a hard time since that Beirut port explosion. The anti-Iranian grouping of Israel with Saudi Arabia and other Gulf States is much stronger now, especially with the Abraham Accords normalising relations between Israel and Bahrain and the UAE.
A final Trump card from the outgoing president, then?

















